Improvement in the manufacture of ordnance



2 Sheets- Sheet 1.

. G. P. HARDING.

Ordnance.

lPatented Feb. 19,. 41867.

VVT ,i

f @uiten gratta @moet @ffice GUSTAVUS P. HRDING, 0F BOHEMIA. HOUSE, CHISWICK, ENGLAND.

' l f Lease, Patent No. 62,266, dated Febr-my 1s, 1867.

die Sulphate metres-tain tlgetcetttt @nient mit -nutiugrnttof therme.

TO ALL TO WHOM IT MAY GONGERN: v.

l Be it known that I, Gus'rnyi's PALMER Hnnnlno, of Bohemia House, Chiswick, in the county of Middlesex, England, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, have invented or discovered new and "useiul Improvements in t the Manufacture of Guns and Ordnance; and I, the said GUSTAVLIS PALMER. HARDING, do 'herebyd'eclnre the nature of thcsaid invention, and in what manner the same is to b performed, to be portibulrly described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to sayl This invention has for its object improvements' in the manufacture of guns and ordnance.'y For these purfposes cachigun or piece of ordnance is composed' of two, three, or more thicknesses of metal, which 'thicknessesr may be of lilc or of different descriptions of metal. It is preferred, honorer, -tlat1in all cases the interior t thickness should be of comparatively hard metal, whilst the outer ones are-of' relatively soft metal. In con i structng a gun or piece of ordnance, it is preferred that there should be used n breech-piece, extending any desired length from the rear end towards the fore end of the gun oit-.piece of ordnance, and that this breechpiece should be forced on to the end ofthe first or inner lining by a hydraulic press, the rst lining being then on a mandrel or core, so as to'cause the rounding or conical end of the first lining to belcompressed between theinterior of the breech-piece and the conical or rounded end of the mandrel. The f'st lining is next to be .expanded into the sides of the breech-piece, so as to complete the iitting, and at the sometime it line its 'own interior .formed correctly of a size to receive the next lining, and so on until the required number of linings or thicknesses of mtal have been brought together and expanded-one into the other. NThe liningsiin all cases. consist of drawn tubulaimetal withoutseam or joint, and the 'breech end of each of the linings is `partially closed or coned by drawing or otherwise to nearly the form of the interior breech end of the breech-piece or previous lining, audit is to be brought to the precise form at its rearend by being placed en a mandrel or core, and by having the exterior covering forced on by a hydraulic' press. In order to expand these tubular thicknesses or linings `one into another, 'other mandrels are used, each consisting of `a strong stem, having intermediate of its length an enlargement or bulb, corresponding in size (at its largest part) to the intended interior diameter of the lining. The stem of the mandrel passes through the rear endA of the gun or piece of ordnance-and the bulb or enlarged portion of themandrel is inoder to pass, by preference by hydraulic machinery, from the fore end to rear end of the lining, by which, as already mentioned, suoli lining will be expanded and Icaused to t the exterior covering, whether it he a previous lining or a breech-piece. The mandrel'havng been passed from end to end of the tubularV lining, is moved back out of 'such lining. ,The passagev through the rear end of the gun or piece of ordnance is to be closed by a screw or other suitable plug, which, when the piece of ordnance is for muzzle' loading, is preferred to be introduced'from tho'muzzle. It is preferred in all Vcases that the whole process should be pcrformedon the metal when cold. These improvements are also applicable in expanding linings into old guns and ordnance.

And in order that my invention may be most fully understood and readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe thc drawings hereunto annexed. i i

I Description of Mc Drawings.

Figure 1 is a scctionalview; und

'Figure 2 a. plan of n gun constructed according to my invcutioni t 4 It will be seen that the gun is composed.' of a breech-picco, a, trunnion ring, and tubos or inner linings, c c c2 c" c, the breech end being closed by a"oonical plug, d, and a screw, d. The mode in which I proceed toA construct a 'gun is as follows: I forma breech-picco, a, in any convenient manner, preferring for that purpose to weld andfforge it'into form, and to bore tbe interior thereof in such inanner as to .cbtain u truly cylindrical surface, the rear end thereof being formed as shown in Figurc'l, in which view is shown the mode of putting the breech-piece on to the first inner lining c, suoli' inner lining c being placed over a mandrel, c', formed on or fixed to the'end of a ram, c, the breccb,-piecc a boing forced thereon by the rising of the ram c forcing the inner lining upwards towards the head of thc pressh'n'hioh is formed ns a' die or mould to receive the rear lend. of the breech-piece a. By these means close contact; is obtained between the interior of the breech-piece a towards the end thereof and thc exterior of the 'rst inner lining c, und ink order to complete the union of the two surllucea around the opening through the rear end, I sometimes draw a mandrel through suchpart, the bulb on which is vsomewhat larger than the opening throughthe inner lining c, and when drawn therethrough vit expands that-part of theinner. lining c into close Contact with the breech-piece aa similar mandrel being drawn through the'length ofthe rst inner lining' c to effect closeunion between it and the breech-piece a. The inner lining c', afterA being drawn to a size to fit the interior of the lining c, isi-placed therein, and by means of a rb nandrehf, .being drawn therethrough, as shown at Figure 4, is expanded into the lining c in s'u'ch manner as to,e`ect a. A :lose union of the adjacent surfaces, theother innerliningshing expanded therein in a similar maimer'q: Motion isA given tothe mandrel by hydraulic power. Wlienhthefguirhns been l'thus built up to-the desired internal diameter, -the ,opening in the rear end has formed therein a ecrewthreui as shown :1t-fig. 1, to receive a.screw plug, cl; tl1ereis alsoformed therein a shortconical hole to received vconicalplug,01,* plueed therein from the muzzle end ofO the gun. trunnion ring, b, is forced on to the gufi, byf'a hydraulie press, or fixed thereto by other suitable means. 'It is preferred that the interior thickness shouldbe of comparatively hardV steel, whilst the outer ones are of relatively'softer and Asofter metal.' If desired the gun may be riiled.

Having thus described the nature of m'y invenion, and the manner of carrying the same intoe'ect, I would have it understood that I donot confine nyself to the precise details herein shown and described; but what I do claim, ie- .i l

The combined arrangement of the parts. a e c1 e? c, the interior parte c c c2 c", being formed as explained, and expanded by a mandiel, f, substantially as `herein described.

l G. P. HARDING. Witnesses:

Gr)` F. WARREN, JonN' DEAN, l

Both of l No. 1l' Gracecnu-cli Street, `London, E. C'. A 

